论中文、法文中“谁”(qui)的三种功能:疑问、泛指、整合

Integrative,General Reference and Integration:Three Functions of "Who/qui" in Chinese and French

中文“谁”有跟法文对等词qui相同的疑问代词用法和泛指代词用法，但是起连接从句作用的第三种用法有形式的不同。泛指和疑问之间的关系在中国传统语法中表现得很清楚。但是连接紧缩从句用法代表了不具体的变量人的意思，并且清晰地连接两个分句（我们称之为整合连词）。我们把这两种用法区别于法语qui的“关系代词”用法，因为“关系代词”用法在汉语中是不存在的。“谁”这个词很典型地说明了汉语中非具体变量标记词的功能。

Like ＂qui＂ in French, the Chinese interrogative ＂谁/who＂ can be used as an interrogative or indefinite pronoun, but, strictly speaking, not as a relative pronoun. The link between their two different uses is strongly emphasized in the Chinese linguistic tradition. And the example in the subordinate clause is in such structure as ＂who（ever） has money, who is happy＂ = ＂whoever has money is happy＂. Such examples exhibit a clear case of a variable binding two propositions （that is, as we call it, ＂integrative subordination＂）. They should be distinguished from ＂relative uses＂ （with antecedent）, which do not exist in Chinese. On the whole, ＂谁＂ in Chinese is a prototypical example of what can be made out of a variable in a given language.