美丑观:悦情为美、痛苦为丑

Beauty as Emotional Pleasure and Ugliness as Emotional Affliction——A View of Beauty and Ugliness

在审美实践中区别美丑的根本依据乃是快乐与否。在人体系统中,快感分机体觉快感、感官觉快感、中枢觉快感。决定美的快感只是感官觉快感和中枢觉快感。五官快感的对象构成形式美,中枢快感的对象构成内涵美。形式美是自由的美,内涵美是真善的美。对形式美的审美效果与审美频率成反比,对内涵美的审美效果与审美频率成正比。事物的整体美学属性由事物的内涵美学属性决定。美的规律,就是在普遍令人愉快的形式规律中求美以及向真求美、向善求美。

This essay, by way of the review and summary of the history and its lessons in research for beauty both in China and in the West, gives a revelation of the difference between beauty and ugliness, which depends basically on pleasure or affliction. In the human system, pleasure can be divided into organic pleasure, sensory pleasure and centrum pleasure, of which only the latter two determine the pleasure of beauty. While the object of sensory pleasure constitutes formal beauty, the object of centrum pleasure constitutes conno- tative beauty. Different from formal beauty, which is free beauty, connotative beauty involves in truth and goodness. For formal beauty, aesthetic effect and aesthetic frequency are inversely; and for connotative beauty, aesthetic effect and aesthetic frequency are proportional. The overall beauty of things is determined by its connotative beauty. The rule of beauty reflects in seeking beauty in the form of universal pleasant, and in seeking beauty from truth or goodness.