法国大革命缘何未剥夺小农土地发展资本主义大农场

On the Reasons for the French Revolution Not to Deprive Small-scale Farms of Land to Develop Large Capitalist Farms

1789年7月开始的法国大革命,之所以未剥夺小农土地发展资本主义大农场,是因为当时的法国既没有大幅提升农业商品生产力的必要性,又没有能保障该变革进行的领导力量,同时也没有成功进行该变革所必需的社会安全保障机制。正是这些因素,使法国大革命后建立的政权在处理国内土地问题时没有复制英国圈地运动模式,而是让众多小农变成了小块土地所有者,以致法国资本主义农业在长时期内主要沿着富农经济道路发展。这无疑是符合18世纪80年代末法国国情的正确选择。

The reasons for the French Revolution not to deprive small-scale farms of land in order to develop large-scale capitalist farms are the absence of the necessity to enhance agricultur- al commodity productivity greatly, of the leading force to guarantee the implementation as well as of the social security system necessary for a successful implementation, which cause the French Government established after the revolution to make a right choice in line with the French nation- al situations of the late 1780s, not to copy the British enclosure movement in dealing with the farming land issues but to allow the development of small-scale farms and eventually lead French capitalist agriculture to develop along a small-scale farm way.