清末民初的接受环境与小说“翻译变形”之分析

Causes of Abnormal Translation of the Translated Fiction of Late Qing Dynasty—from the Perspective of Culture

"翻译变形"为一种非正常翻译手段,它在历史上的不同时期都有不同的表现形式,而在晚清小说翻译中尤为突出。以往翻译研究大多从文本转换层面来对之做出界定,结果将之排除在翻译之外,而遭后世诟病。通过翻译研究"文化转向"的路径,探究晚清"翻译变形"背后的文化成因,认为,"接受语境"和"诗学观念"造成了"变形"的外部压力和内部诱因,致使与翻译之正法背道而驰,但在当时的背景下又是合理的、可取的,对中国文化和文学演进的作用仍然是巨大的。

Abnormal translation methods refer to those that don＇t comply with translation as normally supposed to be.But they may prevail and subdue alternatively in the development of human history.In the late Qing dynasty these methods were widely and unsparingly used in the translated novels,which are often condemned as being unjustified by those who study them from the perspective of text transfer.The paper,by taking the ＇cultural turn＇,attempts to explore the cultural elements causing these to happen,maintaining that the target cultural context and poetics are the two most likely factors contributing to the popularity of abnormal translation methods.Though not in their own right,they are appropriate to the situation,and are indispensable to the evolution of Chinese culture and literature.