德国刑法中的超越承担过失理论介评

Introduces and Comments on the Activity-adoption Negligence Theory in Germany Criminal Law

过失犯的成立以行为人具有注意能力为前提,但在超越承担过失中,行为人行为时并无注意能力,却又应当受到处罚。为了解决这种处罚与责任主义之间的矛盾,德国刑法学界提出了"实行行为前置说"、"单一行为说"、"罪责前置说"与"不真正义务违反说"等学说,然而均存在种种缺陷,因此仍有必要深入思考过失犯的本质等问题。

To establish a negligence offense, one should have attention ability. But in activity-adoption negligence, the offender has no attention ability while he should be punished still. In order to solve the contradiction between the punishment and the principle of responsibility, there are four theories in Germany criminal law, including the theory of perpetrating aet previa, of the whole act, of culpability previa and of no-really-obligation violation, but all of them have shortcomings. So the nature of negligence offense needs further discussion.