词语族的构造理据及规范问题分析——基于“X族”“X奴”的对比分析

A Contrastive Analysis of the Motivation for Word Formation and X-zu /X-nu Type of Words and Their Standardization

词语模造词是当前汉语词汇发展的重要特征,"X族""X奴"即为词语模。"X族"的基本语义指具有某种新的生活形式或生活态度的人,"X奴"指为外物所奴役、所拖累之人,二者基本语义的差别决定它们在构造形式方面有明显的差别,"X族"的"X"常常是双音节的陈述性成分,而"X奴"中的"X"则一般是单音节的指称性成分。从语言规范的角度来看,有四类新词语应该成为规范的对象:第一类,没有增加新的意义;第二类,没有明显表现力;第三类,表意不明确或有歧义;第四类,违背构词理据。

Parody is a striking feature of current word coinage in Chinese.X-zu （～family） and X-nu （～slave） are two word templates of this kind.The basic semantics of X-zu refers to the kind of people with a new life style or attitude;X-nu is the word template which means the people who are enslaved by material world and bear hard burden,the difference between the basic semantics of the two word templates will determine their apparent difference in construction.The X in X-nu words is usually a disyllabic declarative component;while the X in the X-zu words is a monosyllabic referential component.In terms of language standardization,there are four categories of new words should be standardized：firstly,there is no new additional meaning;secondly,lack of expressive power;thirdly,unclear or ambiguous;lastly,disagreeing with normal word-formation rules.