2373例出租车驾驶员亚健康状态影响因素调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Sub-Health State in 373 Taxi Drivers

目的调查影响出租车驾驶员亚健康状态发生的主要因素。方法采用流行病学调查问卷方法,参考国内外亚健康研究文献,结合世界卫生组织（WHO）相关评估量表和GB/T16751.2-1997《中医临床诊疗术语-证候部分》的中医证候类型,编制设有140个条目的调查问卷,采用一对一现场调查的形式,对安徽省合肥市出租车驾驶员进行亚健康状态流行病学调查。结果发放问卷3 042份,回收率100%,经专家评判符合亚健康状态标准者2 373例,占被调查对象的78.03%。2373例亚健康出租车驾驶员人群中每天工作10 h以上者,男性占78.5%,女性占61.6%,40~49岁组占86.1%;生活因素中主要有不锻炼身体（94.3%）、吃饭无规律（85.8%）、工作环境中被动吸烟（64.1%）、熬夜（51.4%）、吸烟（49.2%）、加班（43.5%）;情绪因素中主要有焦虑（18.3%）、激动发怒（17.9%）、烦恼（17.8%）、叹息（17.6%）、脾气不佳（13.9%）;环境因素中主要有工作环境（11.6%）、居住环境（10.9%）、生活状况（4.1%）、居住地噪音（2.7%）。结论过度疲劳、饮食不节、情志不遂、风寒湿热侵袭以及环境污染5种因素,是导致出租车驾驶员亚健康状态的主要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the essential factors to the sub-health state of taxi drivers.Methods Using the epidemiological investigation questionnaire,in reference of study literatures on sub-health at home and abroad,in association with the relevant assessment scale of WHO and the syndrome types of Chinese medicine in Terms of Clinical Diagnosis and Tradition in TCM：the Section of Syndrome,GB/T16751.2-1997,140 items were drawn up in the investigation questionnaire.By one-to-one on-spot investigation,the epidemiological investigation on sub-health state was performed among taxi drivers in Hefei,Anhui.Results 3 042 copies of questionnaires were delivered,and the recovery rate was 100%.By the evaluation of experts,2 373 cases complied with the criteria of sub-health state,accounting for 87.03% of the investigating subjects.Of 2 373 taxi drivers of sub-health and working over 10 hours a day,78.5% of them were male,61.6% of them were female and 86.1% of them were aged from 40 to 49 years.The life factors were no physical exercise（94.3%）,irregular food intake（85.8%）,passively smoking in working environment（64.1%）,staying-up late（51.4%）,smoking（49.2%）and overtime working（43.5%）.The emotional factors were anxiety（18.3%）,agitated angry（17.9%）,irritability（17.8%）,sighing（17.6%）and poor temper（13.9%）.The environmental factors were working condition（11.6%）,residential condition（10.9%）,life state（4.1%）,and residential noise（2.7%）.Conclusion It is believed that there are five factors,named over-fatigue,irregular food intake,poor emotions,invasion of wind,cold,damp and heat,as well as environmental pollution resulting essentially in the sub-health state of taxi drivers.