文冠果授粉习性和果实发育规律的研究

Pollination characteristics and fruit developing law of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

以人工控制授粉方式对文冠果授粉特性、落果规律以及果实和种胚的发育规律进行试验,研究其落果原因。结果表明:文冠果不孕花新鲜花粉的活力可达93%以上,花粉在柱头上萌发及花粉管在花柱中的伸长均正常,但自花授粉的果实在早期败育;人工授粉的正常果实发育与自然授粉果实发育相比,存在生长速度慢、果实小的现象;种胚发育的球形胚阶段与果实发育的转折点存在对应关系。推测:文冠果落果与是否完成受精作用以及后期的营养竞争有关,而球形胚时期是营养竞争和果实发育的关键时期。

The pollination characteristics, fruit dropping law and development law of fruit and embryo of Xanthoceras sorbifolia were studied to find out the reasons of fruit dropping by means of artificial pollination methods. The results showed that： the activity of fresh pollen of sterile flower of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was more than 93%, it was normal for pollen to germinate on stigma and pollen tube to prolong in style, but self-pollination fruits alerted at early stage. The artificial pollination fruits were smaller and grew slower than self-pollination fruits. There existed corresponding relationships between the developing stage of globular embryos with tuming point of fruit development. Based on the results, fruit dropping of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was related with completion of fertilization and nutrient competition at late stage, and globular period was the crucial period for nutrient competition and development of fruits.