福泽谕吉与张之洞的“理想国民”之比较

A Comparison of the Concept of Ideal Citizen Between Yukichi Fukuzawa and Zhang Zhi-dong——Focus on "Encourage of Learning"

福泽谕吉和张之洞,分别在1880年和1898年发表了同为《劝学篇》的著作。两部论著同样以开启民智、劝学兴国为目的,但是,由于两者的经历、所处社会地位等不同,导致了两本著作存在许多差异。本文主要从福泽谕吉和张之洞对"理想国民"的不同描绘,分析两者不同的国民观,试图找出决定这种异同的根本性文化因素。

Yukichi Fukuzawa and Zhang Zhi-dong respectively wrote two masterpieces with the same title—Encourage of Learning in 1880 and 1898.They created the writings to make people educated and promote learning so as to develop their own countries.However,due to their varied experience and social status,there are many differences between the two masterworks.This essay starts from two authors＇ various descriptions to analyze the contrasting concepts of ideal citizen in the two books,and attempts to discover the fundamental cultural factor that produces the dissimilarities.