中国血吸虫病流行范围及其与防治工作的关系

Schistosomiasis Epidemic Situation in Region: Relation Analysis Between Its and Its’ prevention and Control in China

目的分析1987—2007年期间中国血吸虫病流行范围指标变化,尝试性探讨其与防治工作量的关系,为加强防治工作提供科学借鉴。方法资料来源于1987—2007年《中国卫生统计年鉴》和《中国卫生统计年报资料》,综合运用直线相关分析、主成分分析和线性多元回归方法。结果(1)20年来,血吸虫病流行乡镇数和流行村数分别以2.31%和0.50%的年均速度递减,流行县数以0.96%的年均速度递增,达到控制标准的县数以1.55%的年均速度递减;(2)流行县数增加与防治相对工作量下降有着相关关系,随着病人治疗、受检人数和家畜查病比例的下降,流行县呈现扩大趋势;达到传播控制标准县数的变化与病人治疗、家畜查病比例呈高度正相关,并随其降低呈现出减少趋势。结论(1)1987—2007年20年来,防治工作有效地控制了疫情在局限范围如1个县内的流行和传播,但是流行范围在县一级层次上有不断扩大的趋势;(2)防治相对工作量的下降带来了流行县的扩大、达到传播控制标准县数的下降;(3)中国血吸虫病防治工作应加强对高危人群和流行区人群查病、病人规范治疗及流行区家畜查病工作,早期发现传染源并及时治疗,有效切断传播途径,控制和缩小流行县范围。

OBJECTIVE To analysis schistosomiasis epidemic situation in region in China from 1987 to 2007 and explore the relation between its and its prevention and control. METHODS The paper consulted comprehensively national health statistics reports and tables to get indexes datum concerning schistosomiasis prevalence and prevention and control work, made linear correlation analyses, factor analysis and multi-linear regression. RESULTS （1） During 20 years since 1987, the umber of prevalent towns and countries had been decreasing respectively at an average speed of 2.31% and 0.50% annual, the umber of prevalent counties increasing at 0.96% annual and the number of countries controlled decreasing at 1.55% annual; （2） The umber of prevalent counties had been increasing with the proportion of patient treatment, patient and domestic animals examined decreasing. The number of countries controlled decreasing with the proportion of patient treatment and domestic animals examined decreasing. CONCLUSION （1） During 20 years since 1987, china had controlled the epidemic situation within a local region for example a country. However, the epidemic situation had been expanding between different countries;（2）the decreasing of relative woke value had resulted in the umber of prevalent counties increasing and the number of countries controlled decreasing; （3）China should put emphasis upon treating patients, examining high-risk groups and domestic animals with in order to discover reservoirs early, treating patients in time and break off the route of transmission effectively, preventing carriers and patients and epidemic counties from increasing.