略论20世纪法国人类学思想的嬗变

Brief Discussion about the Transformation of France Anthropology in the 20th Century

肇始于迪尔凯姆学派的法国人类学在20世纪取得了辉煌的成就。其思想发展进程可概述如下:首先,马塞尔·莫斯和赫兹提出了"二元分类"思想;其后,列维-斯特劳斯在广泛吸收、综合社会学、人类学和语言学等学科思想的基础上,以"二元对立"的认知结构为核心,建构了结构主义人类学。所有这些成果,对皮埃尔·布迪厄在20世纪60年代的人类学研究产生了重要影响。

The France Anthropology which started by Durkhiem School gained splendid achievement in the 20th century. We can give a brief account of the course. Firstly, Marcel Mauss and Robert Hertz advanced the concept of binary classification. After that, Levi-Strauss synthesized the thought of sociology, anthropology and linguistics, and finally constructed the structuralism anthropology, whose core thought was cognitive structure of binary opposition. All the achievements above had an important effect on Pierre Bourdieu’s anthropology study.