论摩尔根对马克思主义创始人阶级国家理论影响

Influence of Lewis H Morgan on Founders of Marxism Concerning Creation of Theory of Class and Theory of Nation

19世纪70年代以前,由于人类对史前社会研究的缺乏,早期马克思主义创始人对阶级的起源,原始社会的基本经济关系与社会性质,原始社会是否一开始就具有阶级社会特征,原始社会的婚姻家庭形式的演变规律,以及国家的产生途径等问题的认识是有局限性的,有些认识甚至是错误的。摩尔根史前社会亲族制度研究成果,对马克思主义创始人正确认识原始社会提供了珍贵史料和重要启示:氏族共产制是原始社会的根本特征,私有制只是在原始社会晚期才出现的;父权制是从母权制发展而来的,一夫一妻制个体家庭不是婚姻家庭制度的最初形式,而是婚姻家庭制度演进的成熟形式;父权制个体家庭是私有制经济关系直接催生的结果;阶级分化是个体家庭私有制出现带来的必然结果。摩尔根推动马克思主义创始人修正、完善了阶级理论和国家理论。

Prior to 1870s,for the earliest founders of Marxism,lack of study on the pre-history of human beings resulted in the insufficiency of their knowledge in relation to the origin of classes,the basic economic relationship and society nature of the primitive society,whether the primitive society owned the nature of class societies from the very beginning,the laws concerning marriage and family development,and how nations had come into existence.Some of their ideas about these issues were even wrong.Morgan＇s study of kinship system in the pre-history stage provided the earliest founders with valuable historical materials and significant enlightenment concerning the study of primitive society： clan communization was the basic characteristic of the primitive society,and private ownership system was something emerging in the later part of this period;patriarchy was derived from matriarchy;individual family unit of monogamy was not the original form of marriage and family system but the mature form based on its development;individual patriarchy family unit was the direct outcome of private economic ownership;class differentiation was the inevitable result of private ownership in individual family unit.Morgan has given the earliest founders of Marxism a push in improving their theory of class and nation.