冠心病合并糖尿病与单纯冠心病患者生化、生活方式、健康知识分析及护理干预对策

Analysis on Biochemical Examination Results,Life Style and Health Knowledge of the Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and of the Patients with Coronary Heart Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Nursing Intervention Measures

目的探讨冠心病合并糖尿病与单纯冠心病患者血脂、尿酸特点,了解其生活方式及健康知识情况,制定相应的护理干预对策。方法检测单纯冠心病组(CHD组,n=70)、冠心病合并糖尿病组(CHD+DM组,n=46)、健康对照组(N组,n=36)血脂和血尿酸水平;对CHD及CHD+DM组进行生活方式和健康知识问卷调查。结果比较健康对照组及单纯糖尿病组,冠心病合并糖尿病组甘油三酯(TG)、血尿酸(UA)水平升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低(P<0.05);比较健康对照组,单纯冠心病组HDL-C水平降低、UA水平升高(P<0.05)。冠心病合并糖尿病组TG水平升高的发生率高于单纯冠心病患者(<0.05);两组患者中HDL-C水平降低发生率均超过50%。两组患者生活方式及健康知识较差,其中冠心病合并糖尿病组在控制摄食总量、蔬菜、粗粮摄入、限制甜食及对富含膳食纤维食物知晓率等方面优于单纯冠心病组(P<0.05)。结论冠心病合并糖尿病患者的血脂、尿酸代谢紊乱较单纯冠心病患者更加严重;应有针对性地强化住院冠心病的护理干预,作好冠心病二级预防。

Objective To discuss the features of lipid and uric acid （UA）of the patients with coronary heart disease （CHD） with diabetes mellitus （DM） and of the patients with CHD,and to investigate their life styles and their knowledge of health education so as to make out relevant nursing intervention measures.Methods The detection of lipid and uric acid was made to patients in Group CHD （n=70）,in Group CHD＋DM （n=46） and in control group （n=36）;the questionnaire of life style and health education was made to patients in Group CHD and Group CHD＋DM.Results The comparison between the control group and Group CHD showed out that the UA of the patients in Group CHD increased while their HDL-C decreased;the comparison between the patients in Group CHD＋DM and those in the other two groups showed that UA,TG of the patients in Group CHD＋DM increased （P〈0.05） and HDL-C decreased （P〈0.05）;the occurrence of TG increase of the patients in Group CHD＋DM was higher than that of the patients in Group CHD （P〈0.05）;the occurrences of HDL-C decrease in patients of Group CHD and Group CHD＋DM were both over 50%;the patients in Group CHD＋DM were superior to those in Group CHD in the following aspects：the control of total food intake,the intake of vegetables and coarse food,limitation of sweat intake and awareness rate of the food rich in fiber （P〈0.05）.Conclusions The lipid and UA metabolic disorder of the patients in Group CHD＋DM are more severe than those of the patients in Group CHD while the life style and health knowledge of the patients in Group CHA are poorer than those in Group CHD＋DM;health education and life style intervention should be strengthened in the hospitalized patients with CHD,and individual,specialized and persistent intervention should be provided so as to make better secondary prevention of CHD.