中国大气颗粒物中金属元素环境地球化学行为研究

Research on environmental geochemistry of metal elements in atmospheric particles in China

大气颗粒物金属污染已成为目前大气污染的研究热点之一。文章梳理、分析归纳了中国近年来大气颗粒中金属元素的环境地球化学方面的研究。目前研究较多的是Fe、Ca、Mg、Si等地壳元素和Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg等污染元素;大气颗粒物中对人体有害的Cu、Pb、Cd、As、Zn等污染较严重,而Cr、Mn、Co、Ni等污染较轻。大气颗粒物中金属含量随时间分布变化显著,总体上呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的特点,空间分布上一般北方燃煤城市大于南方一般城市;城市内部一般工业区>交通区>居民区>郊区;金属元素在细粒径颗粒(<2μm)中高,粗颗粒(>2μm)中低,尤其以污染元素明显。污染元素与地壳元素的垂直分布规律差异较大。大气颗粒物中金属元素的富集程度与元素种类、区域类型、季节变化、粒径大小等有关。最后,提出应加强大气颗粒物中金属元素空间分布差异、时间分布的尺度及差异性研究;同时加强超细颗粒物的研究,以便建立大气颗粒物金属元素与人类健康关系的风险模型。

Metal elements pollution of atmospheric particles had become a hot study area in environmental science field.This paper carded and summed up environmental geochemistry of metal elements of atmospheric particles in recent years in China.Fe,Ca,Mg,Si etc crustal elements and Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn,Hg pollution elements were studied a lot at present.Cu,Pb,Cd,As,Zn which are harmful to human health were polluted serious,and while Cr,Mn,Co,Ni were light pollution.Metal content of atmospheric particles had obvious time distribution change,generally showing as： winter〉autumn〉spring〉summer.Metal element concentrations of Northern coal-fired cities are generally higher than those in the general urban city in south China.Within the city,generally showing as：industrial district〉transportation district〉residential〉suburb.Metal elements are mainly distributed on the fine particle size（〈2 μm）,especially for the pollution elements.Pollution elements and crustal elements had different vertical distribution law.Enrichment degree of metals in atmospheric particles were related with element type,area type,seasonal change,particle size and so on.Finally,research on metal spatial distribution and time distribution of the scale and diversity studies of atmospheric particles should be strengthened,while,in order to create risk model about the relationship between metal elements in atmospheric particles and human health,research on ultrafine particles should be strengthened.