日本农业生产主体的演变与现状分析

Analysis on Evolution and Present Status of Agricultural Production Subject in Japan

第二次世界大战后,日本确立了以土地私有为基础、家庭经营为生产主体的农业经营模式。战后经济的高度发展,使日本步入经济强国的行列,但也给日本农业带来了很多负面影响。影响之一就是农业劳动力数量的减少、质量的弱化。这一影响降低了家庭经营的主体地位,同时也促进了新的农业生产主体的成长。村落营农作为一种新型的生产主体,近几年呈现快速发展的势头。该文从组织建立的背景、过程、功能等方面剖析村落营农,通过对这一新型农业生产主体的剖析,指出日本农业和农村面临的现实问题。

After World War Ⅱ Japan has established the agricultural operating model based on the private ownership of land and run by family as a unit.With rapid economic growth,Japan became a powerful economy entity in the world.As a result,it has big negative impact on agriculture,such as decreasing of young farmers,aging population.It＇s getting harder and harder to maintain the family farm business model.So as a new operation entity,the village-type farming organization is growing fast in Japan.In this paper,I analysed the change of Japanese agricultural organizations,and mainly focused on the village-type farming organization,indicating why,how and what for to establish it.you are expected to learn the reality of Japanese agriculture and rural area from the paper.