试论湖南的干旱

THE DROUGHTS OF HUNAN PROVINCE

本文通过对湖南省气象局1950～1980年31年地面气象统计资料和湖南特大干旱、大旱、中旱和小旱四个等级指标的分析,总结了湖南干旱的特点、干旱的形成原因,最后提出了要搞好农田水利建设,节约用水,加强植被建设,调整农业结构,加强对地下水的合理利用等防旱措施,以缓和与减轻旱情,达到农业稳产高产的目的。

In this paper, through analysing the statistical data of meteorology stored during the last thirty years from 1950-1980 in Hunan Meteorology Bureau and the four-degree index of special great drought, great drought, medium drought and minor drought, three characteristics of droughts in Hunan Province are revealed as follows:(1)droughts happen frequently;(2) droughts happen in four seasons;(3) there are great differences among droughty areas. This paper also points out that the main factor leading to droughts in Hunan Province is climate; next to it are factors of soil character, forest and vegetation, the construction of water conservancy and human activities. At last, in order to relax and lighten droughts, the author puts forward some measures about doing well construction of water conservancy works, consuming water economically, strengthening vegetation construction, adjusting agricultural structure and strengthening to use underground water rationally.