浅论与实验动物相关的职业健康安全与人畜共患病

An Overview on Laboratory Animal Related Occupational Health and Safety,and Zoonoses

道义上的责任或是法律法规都要求公司或单位提供一个安全和健康的工作环境,以保障员工免受不必要的危害。职业健康与安全(OHS)规程的目的就是预防职业伤害和疾病,它不仅需要满足法规的要求,更重要的是控制危害和减少风险。本文描述了实验动物相关OHS规程的重要性及一些关键要素,如管理措施、设施的设计与运行、控制与危险物的接触、教育和培训、职业健康专业化服务、仪器设备的性能、信息管理、应急措施及对规程的评估和完善。本文还简要地介绍了常见的实验非人灵长类动物相关的人畜共患疾病,以及如何安全地从事实验动物相关工作。

Moral obligation and regulatory requirements dictate that employers provide a safe and healthful workplace so as to safeguard employees from unnecessary risks.The goal of an occupational health and safety（OHS） program is to prevent occupational injury and illness.The principal focus of the program should be on the control of hazards and the reduction of risks,as opposed to merely satisfying regulations.The objective of this manuscript was to describe the importance and the key elements of a laboratory animal related OHS Program,namely administrative procedures;facility design and operation;exposure control;education and training;occupational health-care services;equipment performance;information management;emergency procedures and program evaluation.The common zoonotic diseases related with laboratory nonhuman primates and how to work safely with lab animals were also briefly summarized.