流感病毒的分子生物学研究进展

Advances in Research on Molecular Biology of Influenza Virus

流感病毒是分节段的负链RNA病毒,由RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶起始病毒的复制。流感病毒的特殊基因组结构和病毒蛋白的功能使其极易发生抗原转换和抗原漂移,这使得病毒能够逃避多种宿主的长效中和性免疫反应。本文从病毒结构、基因组及其编码蛋白质、病毒复制过程和病毒的易感宿主等几方面论述了流感病毒的分子生物学研究进展。

Influenza virus,a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family,is an enveloped RNA virus with a genome in the form of eight segments requiring an RNA dependent RNA polymerase of viral origin for replication.Influenza viruses can escape the long-term neutralizing antibody response in many hosts via ever-changing antigenic shift and antigenic drift resulting from the particular structure of the virus genome and function of its viral proteins.In this paper,the structure of virus,the genome and encoding proteins of virus,the replication process and susceptible hosts will be summarized.