葡萄糖转运蛋白1与恶性肿瘤相关性的研究进展

Relationship of glucose transporter 1 and malignant tumor:an advance

肿瘤细胞通过提高葡萄糖转运、加快糖酵解及形成肿瘤新生血管体系作为对微环境缺血、缺氧的代偿,其中通过摄入葡萄糖加强能量摄取是一条重要的途径。葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,GLUT-1)是一种组织细胞进行跨膜转运葡萄糖的重要载体,在哺乳动物胚胎和成熟组织中低水平表达,但在缺氧及缺血的恶性肿瘤细胞中表达显著增高,且与肿瘤进展、患者预后有着一定关系。在体外培养细胞系中,GLUT-1的调控可以分为急性调控和慢性调控两方面,其中缺氧诱导因子1等介导的涉及mRNA和蛋白合成的慢性调控是其主要调控方式。应用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR等方法检测GLUT-1在肿瘤组织的表达,可为肿瘤的诊断提供新的途径。以GLUT-1为靶点从根本上阻断肿瘤能量来源的手段可为肿瘤治疗提供新的策略。

Tumor cells make compensation for ischemia and hypoxia through glucose transport, enhancement of glycolysis, and formation of tumor neoangiogenesis system. And glucose uptake is an important way to increase energy intake. Glucose transporter 1 （ GLUT-1 ） is an important carrier of glucose transmembrane transport for tissue cells, and it is lowly expressed in mammalian embryos and mature tissues, but highly expressed in malignant tumor cells in a hypoxia and ischemia microenvironment. Expression of GLUT-1 is associated with tumor progression and prognosis. The regulation of GLUT-1 can be divided into acute and chronic pathways in tumor cells in an in vitro culture system. Chronic pathway concerning hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mRNA and protein syntheses is the main regulation pathway. Detection GLUT-1 expression in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay may provide a new way for tumor diagnosis. Blocking the fundamental energy source of tumor by GLUT-1-targeted therapy may provide a new strategy for cancer treatment.