从张载到王廷相:中国古代气学的超越与回复

From Zhang Zai to Wang Tingxiang:the Surpass and Reverse of the Logical Evolution of Qi Philosophy

张载气学弥补了中国古典气学形而上学不发达的缺陷,"太虚即气"、"气兼有无"等哲学命题的问世,标志中国古典气学已趋近内涵的思辨性和逻辑的周密性。明代王廷相在"理学"与"心学"双峰并峙之时,大力弘扬张载思想。在思想史的逻辑进程中,王廷相气学的意义不可忽略。但是,古代气学从张载演变到王廷相,并非单一表现为深化、进步与超越,而是呈现出前进与倒退并重、发展与停滞纠缠的特点。

The Qi philosophy of Zhang Zai had made up the weaknesses of lacking metaphysics in classical Qi philosophy of China.The philosophical propositions such as ＂Tai Xu is Qi＂ and ＂Qi both has You and Wu＂ showed that the classical Qi philosophy of China had been close to speculativity and logic perfectly.Wang Tingxiang of Ming Dynasty vigorously carried forward the Zhang Zai＇philosophy during the time when Neo-Confucianism and Mind Learning prevailed.So the Qi philosophy of Wang Tingxiang should not be overlooked in the logical history of thoughts.However,by studying the evolution of ancient Qi philosophy from Zhang Zai to Wang Tingxiang,we could find that it did not show characteristics of deepening,progressing and surpassing,but had traits of advance and countermarch,development and stagnation entangled at the same time.