论占有的法律性质及其涵义

On the Nature and Meaning of Possession

占有的性质和涵义是"占有是什么"这一问题的两个方面。对此,主要有"事实说"和"权利说"两种观点。前者主要从"法律保护前的视角"考察占有;后者有从"法律保护前的视角"考察的,也有从"法律保护后的视角"考察的。从问题之间的联系来看,"法律保护前的视角"值得肯定。但是,从结论上看,它们都没有完全或正确地揭示占有究竟是什么。正确的看法应该是,占有是一种不依赖权利、仅表现为利益的事实;在本质上,占有是个人物质利益和作为和平秩序的社会利益的统一体;在形式上,占有是手段性占有和目的性占有的统一体。

There are mainly two kinds of doctrines about the nature and meaning of possession,namely the theory of fact and the theory of right.The former studies possession from the pre-protection＇s corner of view,yet the latter may be divided into two schools.One observes possession from the pre-protection＇s corner of view,the other does from the post-protection＇s corner of view.It＇s right to take the pre-protection＇s corner of view for choice.But when considering the conclusions,neither doctrine tells us what possession is.It may be right that possession is a kind of fact being there only in the form of interest without the factor of right.In essence,it is the unity where personal interest and social interest coexist;in form,it is also the unity which combines possession of medium with possession of purpose.