文化资本与不平等的代际传递——上海居民初中以上教育获得

Cultural Capital and the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality——Educational Attainment after Junior School in Shanghai

文化资本是家庭背景影响教育获得的中介机制。引入文化资本概念后,教育过程中的不平等既包括家庭背景对教育获得的直接影响,也包括通过文化资本对教育获得的间接影响。以文化活动参与和家庭文化氛围作为文化资本的测量指标,通过对上海居民的经验研究发现:家庭背景和文化资本在初中以上教育获得中的影响同时存在,家庭背景的直接影响和间接影响都得到支持;受外部社会环境的制约,文化资本在不平等代际传递中的作用随出生时期不同而变化;文化资本在不平等代际传递中的作用具有性别差异特征,女性更依赖于家庭文化资本。

Cultural capital is the intermediation between family background and educational attainment.When introducing the concept of cultural capital,inequality in the educational process,not only includes the direct influence of family background on educational attainment,but also includes the indirect influence through the cultural capital.Our empirical study used the Shanghai data in which cultural capital was measured by cultural activities and family culture atmosphere.In our study,both family background and cultural capital have influence at the process of educational attainment.So the direct effect and indirect effect of family background both have been supported.Constrained by external social environment,the role of cultural capital in the intergenerational transmission of inequality varied with the birth time.There were also gender differences on the role of cultural capital,that women were more dependent on family cultural capital.