子午岭森林群落中草本植物的结构特征研究

Structural Characteristics of Herbages Under Forest Plantations in Ziwuling Mountains

通过随机采样法,将子午岭3种类型森林林下草本植物的物种组成、结构特征及变化差异与北山阳坡作对照分析,研究了子午岭不同林型下草本植物生长分布状况。研究结果表明,3种林下及北山阳坡物种数量在21～34种之间,与北山阳坡草本植物物种数较接近的是油松林;3种林下草本植物的高度、盖度与北山阳坡差异极显著,各森林类型间无明显差异;北山阳坡草本植物多样性指数与林下存在明显差异;对草本植物间相关性进行分析后发现,各林下及北山阳坡物种间呈显著正相关的物种对数由多到少的顺序为:辽东栎林>北山阳坡>油松林>柴松林。总体来说,林下草本植物分布较少,物种多样性指数较低,这是由林下郁闭的环境造成的,相对而言,合理种植,抚育的人工油松林和演替顶级的辽东栎林下草本植物种类和数量都有所改善。

In order to understand the growth and distribution conditions of the herbage in different forest types of Ziwuling Mountains, we conducted an investigation on the species composition, structural characteristics, and differences under three forest types of Quercus liaotungensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, and Pinus shenkanensis and compared those items with those on south-faced slope. Our results show that the total num- ber of species presenting under the three forest types and on south-faced slope ranges from 21 to 34. The species diversity of herbaceous plants under P. tabulaeforrnis forest is close to that on south-faced slope. The height, degree of coverage, and herbaceous biodiversity of herbaceous plants in the three forest types are significantly different to those on south-faced slope, but no difference is found among the three forest types. The order of species, by the correlation of herbaceous under the three forest types and on south-faced slope, is Q. liaotungensis 〉species on south-faced slope〉P, tabulaeformis 〉P. shenkanensis. Generally speaking, closing environmental closure leads to lower density and less biodiversity of herbaceous in forest. However, density and species biodiversity of herbaceous under well conserved Q. liaotungensis and artificial P.tabulaeformis are improved little bit.