陕西省公众应对突发公共卫生事件知识水平现况调查

A cross-sectional study on knowledge of public health emergency response among the general public in Shannxi Province

目的了解陕西省公众应对突发公共卫生事件能力现状及存在的主要问题。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,选取陕西省年满18周岁的城乡居民进行问卷调查。结果共调查1945人。灾害事件应对方面,地震、水灾、火灾应对知识的平均知晓率分别为72.86%、65.34%和77.94%;传染病暴发事件应对方面,呼吸道、消化道传染病预防知识的平均知晓率分别为91.38%和90.36%,SARS、人感染高致病性禽流感、病死禽畜处理方法、流感、麻疹、肺结核、伤寒、霍乱、鼠疫相关知识的知晓率分别为77.90%、82.53%、77.13%、66.63%、71.59%、53.22%、31.49%、55.80%和83.13%;其他事件应对方面,食物中毒应对知识的平均知晓率为58.69%,交通事故报警电话的知晓率为52.18%,遭毒气袭击或化学品泄漏时逃生方向的知晓率为68.56%,认为知道什么是放射性事故的人中放射性事故应对知识的平均知晓率为63.50%。结论陕西公众对地震、水灾和火灾等灾害事件应对知识掌握不全面,对少见传染病的预防知识欠缺,食物中毒、交通事故、放射性事故等的应对知识需要提高。

Objective To learn the status of public health emergency response in Shannxi Province and analyze the main problems.Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to select the subjects.Face-to-face interview was conducted among residents aged over 18 years old in Shannxi Province using the questionnaire designed by the team of the project.Results 1945 subjects were interviewed.Regarding disaster response,the average awareness rates of earthquake,flood and fire response were 72.86%,65.34% and 77.94% respectively.Concerning response to infectious diseases outbreaks,the average awareness rates of respiratory,digestive infectious diseases prevention were 91.38%,90.36%.The awareness rates of SARS,Avian Influenza A（H5N1）,disposal of sick and dead livestock and poultry,influenza,measles,tuberculosis,typhoid fever,cholera,plague were 77.90%,82.53%,77.13%,66.63%,71.59%,53.22%,31.49%,55.80%,83.13% respectively.About other emergency response,the average awareness rate of food poisoning response was 58.69%,52.18% of the respondents knew the emergency phone number for a serious traffic accident,68.56% knew correct evacuation direction in time of gas attack or chemical leak,the average awareness rate of radiation accident response was 63.50% among those who knew about radiation accident.Conclusion Public knowledge of disaster response is partial and incomplete,knowledge of some uncommon infectious diseases is scarce,and knowledge of food poisoning,traffic accident and radiation accident remains to be improved in Shannxi Province.