联合国与“国家人权机构”的萌生和发展——基于史料的考察与分析

The United Nations and the Establishment and Development of National Human Rights Institutions:An Analysis Based on Historical Documents

自联合国成立之初,专家和学者们就开始探索如何在国家层面上设立有效落实国际人权条约的人权保护机制。这些努力的成果之一就是1993年联合国大会决议认可的"国家人权机构"模式的确立。由此而诞生的"巴黎原则"被认为是设立国家人权机构的最低标准。在联合国大会、宪章机构、条约机构以及联合国人权高专办等机构的协力推动下,以"巴黎原则"为标准设立的国家人权机构已遍布世界各大洲。

Since the foundation of the United Nations, many experts and scholars have started a long journey to explore how to best implement international human rights treaties at the national level. One of the achievements of their efforts is the establishment of the national human rights institutions （NHRIs） approved by the UN Generally Assembly under Resolution 48/144. The ＂Paris Principles＂ closely associated with it has been taken as the minimum standards for the establishment of NHRIs. With the joint efforts of the UN General Assembly, charter - based institutions, treaty - based institutions and the UN High Commissioner＇ s Office, NHRIs have now been established in every continent of the world.