德占胶澳的称谓演变

Tentative Analysis of the Appellations of the German-occupied Jiao'ao

惯常所称的胶澳租借地在历史上有胶澳租界、胶州殖民地、胶澳租借地等多种称谓,被不同的利益方在不同的意义上使用。其中胶澳租界是《胶澳租借条约》中文版本中对德占胶澳的正式称谓,也是清政府对德占胶澳有意识的官方定位,强调中国的主权;胶州"殖民地"的称呼则体现了德国把德占胶澳当作自己的殖民地的意图,也是德国在胶澳强力进行殖民经营的现实,意味着领土和主权的割让;而"租借地"最终发展为国际法中一个单独的门类,意味着管辖权的让渡和领土主权的保留。德占胶澳称谓的变化及"租借地"作为一个国际法门类的出现是国际强权政治中近代中国命运的一个注脚。

The German -occupied Jiao＇ ao （also known as Kiaochow/Kiaochan） had been regarded respectively by different interest parties as a settlement, a colony, or a leased territory before it was more commonly referred to as Jiao＇ ao leased territory in historical scholarship. Among those appellations, ＂Jiao＇ ao settlement＂ is the formal wording in the Chinese version of the Convention between the German Empire and China Respecting the Lease of Kiao - chau, and also the official position consciously accepted by the Qing government emphasizing Chinese sovereignty; ＇ Kiaochau colony＇ embodies the orientation and intent of the Germans, underlining concession of the territory and the sovereignty to Germany ; ＂Jiao＇ ao leased territory＂, only evolved into a particular category of Leased Territory in international law, connoting the transferring of the administration right and the reserve of the territorial sovereignty, and becoming more commonly regarded as the legal position of the German-occupied Jiao＇ ao. Therefore, the evolvement of the appellations of the German-occupied Jiao＇ ao is a footnote to the fate of modern China among the power politics.