脱硫废弃物改良不同类型盐碱地种植马莲试验研究

Experiment on the Improvement of Saline-alkaline Soils with Desulfurized Waste and Cultivation of Iris Ensata Thunb

宁夏地区盐碱地土壤分布广泛,它与荒漠化过程相伴而生,不但造成了资源的破坏、农业生产的巨大损失,而且还对生物圈和生态环境构成威胁。马莲抗逆性强,尤其耐盐碱,是盐化草甸的建群草种。本试验利用燃煤烟气脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地及耐盐草种引进技术,结合当地不同区域盐碱地类型,深入研究,对马莲在不同盐碱地环境下生长情况进行观测和统计。试验结果表明,脱硫废弃物改良碱化土(西大滩农场)改良后pH值、全盐、碱化度较改良前分别降低了12.49%、35.6%、36.31%,改良后种植马莲较未改良的成活率提高了74.25%～82.17%,改良前后具有极显著差异(p<0.01);脱硫废弃物改良盐碱土(阅海小西湖)改良后pH值、全盐、碱化度较改良前分别降低了3.06%、33.04%、18.56%,改良后种植马莲较未改良的成活率提高了66%～71.4%。同时,发现脱硫废弃物改良碱化土较改良盐碱土种植马莲效果显著(p<0.01)。

The saline-alkaline soil in Ningxia is widely distributed and accompanied by desertification processes, not only resulted in resource damage, huge losses of agricultural production, but also pose a threat to the biosphere and the ecological environment. Iris ensata Thunb, exhibiting strong resistance, especially to salinity, is the constructive species of salt meadow grasses. In this paper, a study was con- ducted to investigate the growth status of Iris ensata Thunb in different regions of saline-alkaline soils by application of coal-fired flue gas desulphurized waste and cultivation of salt-tolerant grass species. The results show that the pH value, total salt, and basicity of the modified alkaline soil （Xidatan Farm） by application of desulphurized waste decreased 12.49%, 35.6% and 36.31%, respectively;the survival rates of Iris ensata Thunb cultivated in the improved soils increased 74.25%-82.17% compared with those planted in pre-improved soils, showing a strong significant difference （p〈0.01）. The pH value,total salt,and basicity of the modified saline-alkaline soil （small West Lake in Yuehai ） by application of desulphurized waste decreased 3.06% ,33.04% and 18.56%, respectively;the survival rates of Iris ensata Thunb cultivated in the improved soils increased 66%~71.4% compared with those planted in pre-improved soils. Compared with the case of saline-alkaline soil, the improved effect of Iris ensata Thunb cultivated in the improved alkaline soils by application of desulphurized waste was more obvious（p〈0.01 ）.