城市低碳经济的治理体系——来自澳大利亚与中国台湾的经验和借鉴

Intelligent Systems for Urban Low-Carbon Economy:Practice of Australia and Taiwan

在应对全球气候变化,解析经济增长与碳排放的关系中,发达国家与发展中国家或地区已经加入或正在加入国际合作机制,并且制定了国内或地区范围内的制度治理框架。其不同特点在于:发达国家注重公司治理或市场机制治理,而发展中国家或地区注重政府治理。一个好的制度治理体系是国家、产业与企业之间互动与合作,改变生产与消费形式,提升产业和企业竞争力。城市在工业化或城市化进程中占GDP贡献与能源消费的绝大部分。新兴工业化国家在发展低碳经济时,必须尽早制定温室气体减排法规;利用市场机制,设立限额贸易机制;发挥政府作用,弥补市场失灵,建立公共研究和基金,突破环境技术,促进企业低污染的产品和技术创新,保持经济的可持续发展。

As for addressing the global climate change and decoupling the relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, the developed countrics and the developing countries have ratified or are preparing to ratify the cooperation framework, furthermore, they established the institutional governance system respectively. It has the characteristics： the formers focus on the corporate or market governance, while the latter on state govern- ance. A good institutional governance system is the reaction and cooperation among the state, sectors and corporations, change of the production and consumption pattern, promotion of competitiveness for the sectors and corporations. The Cities contribute of the majority of GDP and energy consumption in the process of industrialization and urbanization. While the new emerging industrialized countries and cities are moving towards the low carbon economy, they should establish the GHG Reduction Bill; using the market mechanism, setting the cap and trade scheme; bringing into play the government＇s role, remedying the market failure, setting the public research and funding, breaking through the environment technologies, promoting the innovation of the products and technologies with less-pollution, keeping sustainable development.