中国狂犬病毒感染分布状况调查

Study on the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus in China

目的了解中国狂犬病不同流行区狂犬病毒的感染分布情况。方法采集中国狂犬病高、中、低发病区动物脑组织以及疑似病例标本，利用直接免疫荧光法（DFA）和RT-PCR法检测狂犬病毒感染。结果DFA法检测3007份犬脑组织标本，狂犬病毒阳性率为8．4％（254／3007），再经RT-PCR法验证，狂犬病毒阳性率为30．7％（78／254）。DFA法检测93份伤人犬和猫的脑组织标本，狂犬病毒阳性率为67．7％（63／93），再经RT-PCR检测全部为阳性。此外，调查区域的黑线姬鼠、鼬獾和疑似病例标本中也检测到狂犬病毒。不同省份以及同一省份不同发病地犬狂犬病毒感染率差异无统计学意义。结论中国狂犬病流行区家养犬（猫）中存在较高的狂犬病毒感染率，野生动物中也有狂犬病毒感染。

Objective To investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus （RV） in different epidemic areas in China. Methods Brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct Immunofluorescence assay （DFA） and RT-PCR. Results 254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed RV positive by DFA （positive rate of 8.4% ）. Among these 254 samples, 78 showed positive （positive rate of 30.7% ） by RT-PCR. 93 specimens from dogs and cats that had attacked human beings, 63 of them showed positive by DFA （positive rate of 67.7% ） and all of them were also positive by RT-PCR. In addition, RV could also be detected in Apodemus agrarius, ferret badger, and suspected patients specimens from the districts under survey. There was no statistical difference between the infection rates of RV in different provinces and regions with different incidence of rabies. Conclusion There might be a relatively high infection rate of RV among the domestic dogs/cats in the endemic areas in China. Wild animals might have been infected with RV in the districts under survey.