剥削、正义与共产主义——杰拉斯对马克思正义观的阐释

Exploitation,Justice and Communism——Geras' explanation of Marxist justice concept

正义问题是当代政治哲学的核心问题。70年代以来,西方马克思主义者围绕马克思是否谴责资本主义非正义展开了争论。英国新左派、分析马克思主义的主要代表诺曼.杰拉斯是这场争论的一个主要论者。他凭借分析主义的研究方法对马克思主义的正义观和道德观进行了深入系统的研究,用文本证明马克思确实依据超历史的正义原则谴责资本主义非正义,由此构筑起一套马克思主义正义观体系,成为西方马克思主义政治哲学的主要理论代表之一。杰拉斯对马克思正义思想的阐释,对于我们了解和学习分析马克思主义理论家的文本解读方法和思路,反思西方新自由主义政治哲学的局限性,挖掘马克思与正义问题的争论对于我们构建公平正义的社会主义和谐社会具有理论借鉴意义和价值。

Justice remains the key issue in modern politics and philosophy.Since the 1970s,western Marxists have launched a debate on whether Marx would criticize injustice of Capitalism or not.Geras was the major scholar in the debate,representing British new left group to analyze Marxism.He employed a studying method of analytics to systematically research Marxist outlooks of justice and morals,and proved Marx＇s criticism of capitalist injustice with his supra-historical justice principle,thus establishing a set of Marxist justice system.Geras,as one of the representatives of western Marxist politics and philosophy,explained Marx＇s thoughts on justice.His detailed explanations have theoretical meanings and value for us,in studying Marxist theoreticians＇ thoughts of contexts,rethinking the restriction of politics and philosophy of western neo-liberalism,and expounding Marxism and the debate of justice issues.It is also of importance to build a harmonious society in the equal and fair socialism.