开合屋盖结构设计关键技术研究

Key techniques of structural design for retractable roof

结合作者完成的开合屋盖工程设计经验,对开合屋盖结构设计的关键技术进行了较为全面的论述。屋盖的开合方式应根据建筑方案、使用功能、自然条件、运营管理等因素综合确定,应明确规定活动屋盖开合的基本状态;从结构安全与经济性的角度来看,将抵抗荷载与作用最有利的活动屋盖位置作为基本状态较为合理;活动屋盖应采用整体刚度较小、对边界条件不敏感的柔性结构,对安装误差与结构变形具有较大的适应能力;固定屋盖,尤其是轨道桁架应具有较大的刚度,并严格控制施工精度;活动屋盖位于全开、半开及全闭三种状态的荷载取值存在很大差异,需要分别进行计算分析;应考虑活动屋盖与固定屋盖之间的相互作用,轨道桁架、台车及连接部件应在罕遇地震作用下保持弹性;在活动屋盖处于非基本状态或行走过程中,地震作用可适当折减;应通过对多种驱动方式进行技术经济比较,确定活动屋盖开合驱动与控制系统,系统应便于操作与维修,驱动控制系统的维护管理工作对保证活动屋盖运行的可靠性与耐久性非常重要。

Based on the practice of retractable roof design,the key techniques were discussed in this paper.The retractable method of the roof is determined by factors such as architectural plan,function requirements,natural conditions and operation management.The concept of basic retractable state is defined explicitly in this paper,and from the safe and economic points of view,it is rational to set retractable roof condition with the maximum load resistance as the basic state.The movable roof favors the flexural structural system that is less sensitive to boundary conditions and can be adaptive to the large deformation and construction error.The fixed roof system,especially the runway truss system,should have sufficient stiffness,and the construction precision should be controlled strictly.Due to the load values are significantly different corresponding to different states of the moving roof,such as fully open,half open and fully closed states,the analyses for the three states are needed separately.The interaction between the moving roof and the fixed roof should be considered,and the runway trusses,trolleys and the linkage components should be kept elastic even under severe earthquake.The ground acceleration could be reduced to some degrees during the roof moving and in non-basic states.The driving system and the control system should be chosen based on the technical and economical comparisons,and the systems should be easy to operate and maintain.The maintenance and management are very important to ensure the long term reliability of the retractable roof.