藏缅语选择疑问范畴句法结构的演变链

On the Evolution Chain of the Syntactic Structures of Alternative Interrogative in Sino-Tibetan Languages

本文把28种藏缅语(包括方言)选择疑问范畴的句法结构分为选择问句、正反问句、重叠问句三种类型。认为:在共时上这三种类型依次具有蕴涵关系,形成等级序列:重叠问句有标记的正反问句有标记的选择问句;在历时上存在一个从选择问句到正反问句再到重叠问句的演变链。并认为其演变受语言类型特点(屈折性、分析性程度的差异)及语言系统性特点的制约,语言接触主要造成连词的借用,尚未发现对句法结构的演变产生影响。

The paper classifies the syntactic structures of alternative interrogative of the 28 Sino-Tibetan languages into three types,namely alternative questions,affirmative-negative questions and duplicative questions,arguing that the three types have implicative relations synchronically and form a hierarchy,i.e.duplicative questions marked affirmative-negative questions marked alternative questions,and that there exists an evolution chain from alternative interrogations to affirmative-negative questions and to duplicative questions diachronically.The paper suggests that the evolution is influenced by the typological and systematic features of language.