焦点副词的连用和一句一焦点原则

On the Continuous Use of Focal Adverbs and One Focus Principle

"也"、"还"、"又"、"都"、"只"等焦点副词的连用基本遵循"也>还/又>都>只"。顺序组合时只能连续连用,不能间隔连用;逆序组合时可以间隔连用,不能连续连用。信息结构具有一定的层次性,而焦点算子的辖域、关联方向和层次又是不一样的,因此根据象似性原理,在句法结构中连用时只有占据最广辖域的最外层算子相关联的成分才是句子表达的突出信息,即句子的焦点信息。比较Krifka(1992)的研究,一句一焦点原则在英语和汉语里是一以贯之的,也就是说,作为信息单位的句法实现,一个单句不受句中焦点算子数量的影响,它只能表达一个焦点信息。

When used continuously,the focal adverbs in Chinese(ye也,hai还,you又,dou都, zhi只) follows an order of'ye也>hai还>you又>dou都>zhi只'.They cannot be used continuously but in interval if the order is reverse.Information structure is hierarchical,while the focus operators are different in scope,associated direction and hierarchy.According to the iconicity principle,it is inferred that when these focal adverbs are used continuously in a construction,only the component associated with the most outer operator that has the widest scope is the prominent information,which is the focus of a sentence.Comparing with the research by Krifka(1992),it is concluded that one sentence only has one focus,no matter how many focus operators there are.