蒲公英花粉生活力及柱头可授性研究

Studies on Pollen Viability,Stigma Receptivity of Taeaxacum

采用TTC染色法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法分别测定蒲公英的花粉活力与柱头可授性,并对开花持续时间进行观测以便为蒲公英生殖特性研究提供试验依据。结果表明,蒲公英花期持续时间为5～7 d,开花时间一般在每天的07∶30～15∶00。蒲公英花粉生活力试验结果显示,蕾期蒲公英花粉生活力为11.0%,开花后1～2 d内的生活力为98.0%,3～4 d生活力为89.5%,5～7 d生活力为81.7%;柱头可授性试验结果表明,蕾期柱头基本不具可授性,开花后4 h左右蒲公英柱头可授性达到最高,为96%;在同一天中,11∶00～13∶00柱头可授性都维持在一个较高的水平,达95%以上。因此,在开花当天或3 d内的中午至下午进行人工授粉效果较好。

In order to improve the effect of hand-pollination in hybridization of Taeaxacum,flowering stage and duration were also observed,Pollen viability,stigma receptivity were tested.Use the benzidine-H2O2 testing stigma receptivity,the TTC coloration detecting pollen viability of Taeaxacum.The result showed that,Taeaxacum blossom at 07∶30 to 15∶00,and florescence could be last for 5 to 7days.The pollen viability on bud was 11%,98% after 1 to 2 day,89.5% after 3 to 4 day,81.7% 5 to 7 day according to the TTC coloration detected.The result of benzidine-H2O2 testing showed that stigma in bud stage had no receptivity,but had 96% receptivity after blossom four hours;stigma had a high level of receptivity during 11∶00 to 13∶00 in one day,more than 95%.So hand-pollination at noon or afternoon in blossom day or during three days could gain the highest seed-setting rate.