辣椒栽培有机基质在蔬菜育苗中的二次利用初探

Reuse of the Pepper-grown Organic Substrates in Vegetable Seedling Nursery

以栽培一茬辣椒的2个优势基质配方T1[V(玉米芯)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=4∶1∶1]、T2[V(玉米芯)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=3∶1∶1∶1]和CK2[V(玉米芯)∶V(泥炭)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(牛粪)=1∶1∶1∶1]为对象,以新配常用育苗基质CK1[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=1∶1]为对照,比较了以玉米芯为主的有机基质在3种蔬菜育苗中重复利用的效果。结果表明,4种基质的体积质量、总孔隙度、EC值、pH均在适宜范围,只有吸水量偏低,育苗时应加强水分管理。播种7 d后3种蔬菜的出苗率均达最高,以T2基质的出苗率最高;3种蔬菜在各基质上均生长良好,且T1、T2和CK2的株高、茎粗及叶面积均大于CK1。说明栽培一茬辣椒后的混合农作物生物质基质可以在蔬菜育苗中重复利用,且效果显著优于以泥炭为主成分的鲜配育苗基质。

The experiment of vegetable seedling nursery was conducted to compare the effects of three corn-cob-based substrates on which pepper had been grown for a season,including two high-performance organic substrates of T1[V（corn cob）∶V（riversand）∶V（decomposed cow dung）=4∶1∶1] and T2[V（corn cob）∶V（corn straw）∶V（riversand）∶V（decomposed cow dung）=3∶1∶1∶1],as well as a reused organic eco-type substrate CK2[V（corn cob）∶V（peat）∶V（decomposed cow dung）∶V（corn stalk）=1∶1∶1∶1].The widely-used and freshly-confected vegetable seedling nursery substrate CK1[V（peat）∶ V（pearlite）=1∶1] served as the control.The results showed that the bulk density,full porosity,electrical conductivity（EC） and pH value of four substrates were all in the suitable scope.However,the water absorption of the substrates was a little bit lower,which suggested that the water management should be strengthened during nursery.The emergence rate of three vegetable crops,tomato,pepper and Chinese cabbage,reached the highest at seven days after sowing.Although all the seedlings grew well in all the substrates,the plant height,stem width and leaf area of seedlings grown on the substrates T1,T2 and CK2 showed superiority to the seedlings grown on CK1.The results suggested that the mixed biomass culture substrates of pepper growing for a season can be reused for vegetable seedling nursery,and the effects of them are significantly better than that of the nowadays widely-used and peat-based vegetable seedling nursery substrate.