高强有机合成纤维的结构形成

Structure of high strength organic synthetic fibers

对典型刚性结构的对位芳酰胺纤维和柔性结构的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的结构特征及其形成过程进行分析,特别是纺丝及热处理工艺对纤维结构变化的影响,认为若使有机合成纤维高强化,应使纤维在结构上满足以下2个特征:高取向度和结晶度;聚合物分子链能够充分伸展形成伸直链结晶。同时,介绍了PPTA纤维和UHMWPE纤维的进展情况。提出能够形成高取向、高结晶度且分子链充分伸直结构的聚合物,可以通过控制纺丝和热处理工艺制造出高强纤维。

Structure characteristics and formation processes of the typical rigid structure of p-aramid （PPTA） fibers and the typical flexible structure of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE） fibers are analyzed,in particular,the effect of spinning and heat treatment process on fiber structures.It is considered that for obtaining high-strength synthetic fibers,two conditions in structure should be satisfied：high degree of orientation and crystallinity;polymer molecular chain can be fully extended to form straight-chain crystallization.The current progress of PPTA fibers and UHMWPE fiber is also introduced.It is proposed that the polymer which can form a highly oriented structure with high crystallinity and full extension of molecular chain can be used to produce high strength fibers by controlling the spinning and heat treatment process.