关于屯堡文化与“江南遗韵”的思考

Analysis On"Tunpu Culture" and "Jiangnan Remaining Flavor"

明代的屯堡,其所以在贵州能形成神秘而独具特色的文化,与贵州高原的区位价值;独特的自然生境;各民族大杂居、小聚居的社会生境密不可分。其他省区不具备这样的自然与社会生境,因而他们历史上的屯堡,在历史长河的冲刷下,逐渐退色变异,无法让屯堡中的历史要素传承下来,也就不可能形成如同贵州这样的"屯堡文化"景观。对屯堡文化解读的俗化,把有着深厚文化底蕴,仍需民族学、文化学、历史学专家们继续探索的贵州屯堡文化现象,以极其简单的"江南遗韵"、"大明遗风"等来加以概括,导致了民族文化学研究屈从于旅游业发展需要的某种扭曲。屯堡文化是贵州历史积淀下来的重要文化遗产,它的难以捉摸的神秘性与无可替代性,正是其价值所在。

The Tunpu of Ming,has some mysterious and characteristic culture in Guizhou,related with the location worth of Guizhou plateau,unique nature environment,and social living environment of mixed living environment at a large scale and centralized situation at a small scale with multi-minorities. The other provinces can not form the＂Tunpu Culture＂ like Guizhou, because the historic culture elments will fade away in history in different nature and social environment. The vulgar interpretation of Tunpu Culture,the profound background of Tunpu Culture which needs continuously study by experts of Ethnonymics,Culture and History was simply generalized as＂Relique of Prosperous Ming Dynasty＂and＂Jiangnan Remaining Flavor＂resulted in a kind of tortuosity that ethnic culture research yields to tuorism development. It was the important culture heritage in Guizhou. The real value of＂Tunpu Culture＂lies in the mystery and irreplaceablity.