胶体五氧化二锑的制备研究

Study on preparation of colloidal antimony pentoxide

以湿法工艺处理砷碱渣得到的五氧化二锑和三氧化二锑混合物为原料,双氧水为氧化剂,磷酸为稳定剂制备胶体五氧化二锑。探讨了反应过程中稳定剂的种类及用量、杂质对胶体形成过程和胶粒粒径的影响,并运用热力学、动力学和双电层理论对实验过程的现象及结果进行了分析。研究结果表明：磷酸作为稳定剂优于三乙醇胺,当磷酸与锑的物质的量比为0.8~1.0时,所得质量分数为10%的胶体五氧化二锑胶粒粒径较小,并且当物质的量比为1.0时,胶粒粒径为（36±5.6）nm;杂质的存在有利于小粒径胶粒的胶体形成。与回流氧化法相比,氯化水解制得的胶体粒子粒径大、分布范围广。

Colloidal antimony pentoxide was prepared by mixture of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 obtained from arsenic-alkali residue by hydrometallurgical process,with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and phosphoric acid as stabilizer.Effects of main factors including different kinds and amounts of stabilizer and impurities on the process of colloid formation and on colloidal particle size were investigated in detail.Theories on thermodynamics,kinetics,and electrical double layer（EDL） were used to analyze the experimental phenomena and results.Results showed that phosphoric acid was better than alkanol amine as stabilizer;when amount-of-substance ratio of phosphoric acid to antimony was 0.8~1.0,the particle size of obtained colloidal antimony pentoxide with mass fraction of 10% was smaller,and particle size was（36±5.6） nm when amount-of-substance ratio was 1.0;impurities was beneficial to form colloidal particles with smaller size.Comparing with oxidative reflux method,the colloidal particles prepared by chloridizing hydrolyzation method were larger in size and broader in distribution.