摘要
１９９８年１０月三位美国科学家，ＤａｎｉｅｌＴｓｕｉ，ＨｏｒｓｔＳｔｏｒｍｅｒ和ＲｏｂｅｒｔＬａｕｇｈｌｉｎ，由于发现分数量子霍耳效应所做出的杰出贡献而获得诺贝尔物理奖，这一重要事件重新引起了人们对量子霍耳效应的关注．本文力图从物理角度概要介绍整数、分数量子霍耳效应的主要物理现象和机制，诸如边缘态，Ｌａｕｇｈｌｉｎ态，分数电荷、梯队结构、ν＝１／２态和组合费米子等．
Abstract In October
1998 three American scientists, Daniel Tsui, Horst Stormer and Robert Laughlin, won Nobel
prize in physics due to their distinquished contribution on the discovery of fractional quantum
Hall effect. This big issue restimulates the people’s concern about quantum Hall effect. This
paper aims to give a brief introduction about main physical phenomena and essential
mechanisms of integer and fractional quantum Hall effect, for example edge state, Laughlin
state, fractional charge, hierarchy model, ν =1/2 state and composite Fermion,from a view
point of physical picture.
