穿透型航天员舱外头盔信息显示系统

Helmet-mounted display system for supporting extravehicular activity of astronaut

简要分析了美国和俄罗斯舱外服信息显示系统的研制过程,指出了目前显示系统存在的缺陷,依据我国舱外服头盔的结构特点设计了一套头盔信息显示系统(HMD)。该系统采用离轴折反光学结构,内嵌于舱外服头盔压力面罩内,固定在通风管下方,可满足航天员佩戴和观察的舒适度要求;同时采用FPGA内嵌Microblaze(MB)的显控板结构,有效减小了系统的体积和功耗。由此使系统产生了复杂畸变(弓形加梯形畸变)和双节点像散,利用胎面型非球面和倾斜偏心中继透镜进行校正,实现了系统畸变小于3%及分辨率满足SVGA要求。该系统可为航天员显示文字、图表和视频信息。模拟训练发现:系统具有提高航天员的工作效率,增强处理意外事件的能力。

The development process of information display system of space suit for extravehicular activity（EVA） of America and Russia was briefly reviewed,and disadvantages of these systems were also pointed out.Based on above studies,a Helmet-Mounted Display（HMD） system was designed according to the construction features of space suit helmet of China.To meet the requirements of wearing and observing comfortably for astronauts,the off-axis optical construction was adopted in this HMD system,in this way,it could be embedded in the helmet pressure mask and fixed under the air conducting ducts.Besides,the display control board used FPGA embedded with Microblaze to decrease the system′s volume and power.To rectify the complicated distortion（bow distortion and keystone distortion） and binodal astigmatism generated by this system,toroidal aspheric and asymmetric relay lens were used,a distortion rate within 3% and a resolution satisfing SVGA′s standard were achieved.This HMD system could provide text,graph and video information for astronaut.Simulation training results indicate that this system can improve the work efficiency and enhance the ability to deal with accidents for astronauts.