藻类硒富集与硒蛋白研究进展

Advance in selenium bioaccumulation and selenoproteins biosyntheses in microalgae

硒(Se)是生物必需的一种微量元素,它与人类健康密切相关。硒在体内主要通过硒蛋白发挥各种生物功能,对缺硒生物补硒能预防多种疾病。海洋微藻对硒具有较强的富集能力,而且富含多种类型硒蛋白,具有开发为新型富硒产品的天然优势。综述了近年有关藻中硒含量分析、藻类对硒的富集、硒对藻生长的作用等相关报道,总结概括了生物信息学和分子生物学方法对藻类硒蛋白的预测与鉴定结果,重点叙述了基因工程技术对莱茵衣藻蛋白质表达体系的改造及其在硒蛋白表达中的应用。

Selenium is an essential trace element in many organisms.It is closely related to human health.Selenium exerts its biological functions mainly through selenoproteins.Supplementation of selenium to deficient human and animals can prevent various types of diseases.Microalgae have high capacity for seleninm bioaccumulation and various types of selenopriteins in vivo,thus having the natural advantage to be developed to a new type of selenium-rich product.This paper reviewed recent reports on selenium bioaccumulation and measurement in microalgae,as well as the effect of selenium on algae growth.It also summarized recent progresses in the prediction and characterization of microalgae selenoproteins via bioinformatics and molecular biology methods,especially emphasizing on the modification of protein expression system in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its application in selenoprotein expression through genetic engineering technology.