新中国慈善事业的制度结构与路径依赖——基于历史制度主义的分析范式

Institutional Structure and Path Dependence of Philanthropy in New China——Based on the Paradigm of Historical Institutionalism

1949年以来新中国慈善事业的历史沿革与政策演变分别经历了国家化与社会化两个阶段。从历史制度主义角度来看,中国慈善事业的制度结构受到宏观制度结构、各政治变量之间关系的影响,政治行动者及相关行为主体与慈善事业制度呈现相互影响、相互制约态势。同时,中国慈善事业的制度变迁发生路径依赖,并在自我强化过程中,出现新的制度断裂和关键节点。中国慈善事业的制度创新与变革需要打破当前的历史"否决点",重视宏观制度结构,调整政治变量序列结构以及相关行为主体之间的关系,适应新的制度情境,从而实现现代化、制度化、本土化的慈善观及慈善事业治理模式的转型。

Since 1949, historical development and policy evolution of Philanthropy in new China respectively experienced two stages of nationalism and socialization. From the point of view of historical institutionalism, the institutional structure of Chinese philanthropy is influenced by macro -level institutional structure, and arrangement pattern among different political variables. Political actors and related behavior subjects interact with philanthropic institution. Meanwhile, path dependence occurs in institutional change of Chinese philanthropy and the new institutional disjunction and the critical node also occurs in its process of self- reinforcement. It is imperative for institutional innovation and reform of Chinese philanthropy to break down the current ＂veto points＂ of history, to emphasize the macro- level institutional structure and to adjust the sequence structure among political variables and the relationship among related behavior subjects to adapt to the new institutional situation, so that transformation of modernized, institutionalized and localized philanthropic view and governance pattern could be implemented.