三十年来日本的政治转型与政党体制变化

Thirty Years of Political Transition and Changes of Party System in Japan

20世纪70年代末到本世纪初的30年是日本政治、经济和社会结构发生重大转型的时期。从政治发展的宏观过程来看,这一转型经历了三大转变,即国家发展的指导思想从"经济中心主义"向"政治中心主义"转变,国家发展模式从"国家主导型"向"市场主导型"转变,国家发展战略从"经济大国"向"政治大国"转变。从政治发展的微观角度来看,则经历了从"五五年体制"、"八六年体制"到"九六年体制"的转变;政党结构从保守与革新对立模式转向保守模式。在这一转变过程中,政治意识形态及政党均走向趋同化。目前,日本新的国家发展模式尚未最终定型,向后现代社会的转型仍在进行中。

The time from 1970s to the beginning of this century marked a 30-year period of major restructuring in Japan's political,economic,and social structure. From the macro perspective of the political development process,there were three major changes in this transformation:a change in the guiding ideology from 'economic centralism' to 'political centralism;' a change of national development model from being 'led by the state' to being 'led by the market;' a change of its national development strategy from one of an 'economic power' to a 'political power.' From the micro perspective of the political development process,it has experienced a change from the 1955-System and the 1986-System to the 1996-System; and the party structure experienced a shift from an opposition between the conservative and the reformist,towards the conservative model. During these changes,political ideologies and political parties moved towards convergence. At the present,Japan's new model of national development has yet to be set definitely; it is still in the process of transforming into a post-modern society.