我国优秀10m跳台男子运动员下肢肌肉力量特征研究

Study on Muscle Power Characteristics of Lower Limb of Chinese Elite Men's 10 Platform Athletes

以现役国家队4名10m跳台运动员为研究对象,选取相对峰值力矩为评定指标,通过运用MERAC等速肌力测试系统,测试速度分别是60°/s和240°/s,对跳水运动员下肢髋、膝和踝关节主动肌群(伸肌群)的肌力特征进行综合研究,探讨高水平跳水运动员下肢主动肌群的特征。结果显示,下肢关节相对肌力矩水平高是完成高难跳台技术的基础之一;下肢各关节屈伸比值低,伸肌群力量明显大于屈肌群;动员髋关节快速屈伸的肌群的比例相对较高,而膝和踝关节快速屈伸时动员的肌群相对较少;膝关节左、右侧伸肌群力量接近,髋关节左侧大于右侧;随着测试速度的增加,髋关节在下肢总力矩的百分比增加。

In this paper,by using MERAC testing system,choosing relative moment peak value,testing four elite athletes in 10 meters diving platform whose hip,knee and ankle joints＇ strength on 60°/s and 240°/s.Studying high-level diver＇s strength characteristics of lower limb hip,knee and ankle joints active muscles（extensors）and discussing high-level platform athletes take the initiative to lower limb muscles feature.The result showed that more higher lower limb joint muscle torque is that one of the foundations diving platform technology of completed diving;the lower the ratio of lower extremity joint flexion and extension,extensors strength significantly greater than flexors;mobilized muscle groups of hip joint rapid kip higher proportion than knee and ankle joint;extensors strength of left and right knee joint is a balance,yet the hip joint maintain a balance that the left side greater than the right side;with the increase of test speed,hip joint in the lower extremities increase the percentage of the total torque.