武术之“势”的美学思想解读

Interpretation of Aesthetic Thought of the "Potential" of Wushu

从文化学视角,运用比较研究、哲学思辨的方法,阐释武术内蕴之"势"的美学思想。"势"是中国传统美学的重要范畴,是一种透视生命气象的"动"机之"力",蕴涵"力"的刚健之美,在中国传统绘画、书法理论中占据重要地位。脱胎于中华文化的武术重"势"不重"形",正是通过阴阳二气的运化、开合收放的内部张力形成不同的武术之"势",从"静势"、"动势"中彰显流体的生命意象。"势"的美学思想体现在武术中主要表现为:造型中的"力"之美、运动中的"气势"美、运用中的"劲"之美。"势"是"力"的含蓄,"力"是"势"的作用,在中国文化特有的"气"化思想影响下,武术"尚劲不尚力","得势"实为"得劲",从而表现出不同于西方"尚力"技击术的中华审美情趣。

From the culture perspective,using the methods of comparative study and philosophical dialectics,this paper explains the connotation of the ＂potential＂ of Wushu and its aesthetic thought.＂Potential＂ is the important category of Chinese traditional aesthetics in which the ＂force＂ shows the activity and energy of life which occupies an important position in Chinese traditional painting,calligraphy theory.Re-born out of Chinese culture,Wushu emphasizes ＂potential＂ rather than ＂form＂,which is transported through two kinds of ＂qi＂ （air）,that is ＂Yin＂ and ＂Yang＂,then divided into ＂static potential＂ and ＂active potential＂ that highlight fluid imagery of human life according to the opening and closing of the internal tension of ＂Yin＂ and ＂Yang＂.Aesthetic thought of the ＂potential＂ of Wushu embodies as follows：the beauty of ＂power＂ in the shape,the beauty of ＂momentum＂ in the movement,the beauty of ＂Jin＂ in the use.＂Potential＂ is internal ＂power＂,while ＂Jin＂ is external ＂power＂.In unique Chinese ＂qi＂ （air） culture,Chinese Wushu ＂prefers Jin （power） to Li （force）＂,thus it demonstrates Chinese aesthetic taste that is different from the west countries in the art of attack.