世俗化、个人主义与现代宪政的建构逻辑——近代中国宪政经验的自由主义检视

Vulgarization,Individualism and Logic for the Construction of Modern Constitutionalism——Constitutional experience of contemporary China in the perspective of liberalism

"中国问题"政治上表现为中国政治的现代性转型,中国政治的现代性转型主要表现为宪政建构。然而,中国的宪政建构却一波三折,其原因在于中国现代宪政体制建构缺乏国家观念世俗化和个人主义这样两个关键性逻辑条件,中国传统的"天下国家"观念和轻视个人自由与权利的观念并没有得到现代性的克服。中国政治的宪政建构不仅依赖于各种政治的、经济的、法治秩序上的制度性要素,还依赖于宪政文化建设。形成一种既体现普世价值又切合中国语境的中国宪政文化是中国宪政建构的关键步骤之一。

Politically, ＂Chinese problem＂ is shown by the modern transformation of Chinese politics, which is mainly manifested by the construction of constitutionalism. However, the construction is not smooth since it lacks the key two logic conditions of vulgarization of national concept and individualism while traditional Chinese concept of ＂nation＂ and neglect of individual freedom and right are not corrected. The construction of constitutionalism fails back on not only various elements in politics, economics and law order but on the construction of constitutional culture. It is one of the essential steps in the construction of Chinese constitutionalism to form a culture which reflects universal value and conforms to Chinese context.