略论清代新疆的“佥妇”问题

Issues on the Wife of the Exiled in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty

清代因丈夫犯法而被连带流放的女子被称为"佥妇"。清代法律明文规定,发往新疆已经成家的流犯必须携带眷属。这些跟随丈夫而来的女子在丈夫流放新疆期间在家务劳作的同时也大量参与生产劳动。一般情况下,在流放新疆屯田劳作的三至五年内,随着丈夫们加入民籍,佥妇们的社会地位也随之改变,成为新疆地方上的普通民户。她们在促进新疆的经济社会发展中起了一定作用。

In the Qing Dynasty, Xinxiang was one of the major places for the exiled prisoners. The law of the government stipulated that the married prisoners sent to Xinjiang must take along with them their wives. These wives mainly did housework but at the same time were engaged in production. Generally after three to five years, they would be nativized together with their husbands. Their social status would be changed accordingly, for they were permanent residents. These wives played an important role in Xinxiang＇s social stability and economic development.