独立后哈萨克斯坦的人口和社会发展

On Kazakhstan Population and Social Development after Its Independence

人口数量下降、劳动就业困难、犯罪案件增多、民族构成的重大变化是哈萨克斯坦共和国独立后的主要社会问题。哈萨克斯坦人口数量下降的主要原因为大量人口外流、自然增长率下降、人口寿命缩短、性别比例失调、婚姻不稳定。由于新旧制度衔接不上,法律管制盲区或空白点导致社会犯罪犯罪率上升。大批俄罗斯人、德意志人和乌克兰人的迁出及大批哈萨克人的迁入,使哈萨克人从占总人口的少数变为多数。

The main social problems in Kazakhstan after its independence are the decline of population, unemployment, increase of crimes and the change of ethnic components. The decline of its population resulted from immigration,decline of natural birth rate, shortening of life expectancy, imbalance of sexes and instability of marriages. During the transition period of the systems, crimes increased due to legalization deflects. Russians, Germans and Ukrainians immigrated and Kazakhs emigrated so that the Kazakhs take up the majority of its population.