论西方马克思主义对《提纲》第一条的接近与偏离

Western Marxism's Proximity to and Deviation from the First Thesis in Karl Marx's Eleven Theses on Feuerbach

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第一条所揭示的意识的对象问题是理解马克思的实践唯物主义新世界观的核心。西方马克思主义的一些代表人物认为马克思的新唯物主义把意识的对象理解为实践,而旧唯物主义理解为既成的自然存在物,这些观点在一定意义上接近了马克思的实践唯物主义思想。然而,由于有些代表人物反对区分思维和存在、意识和物质,以致不能坚持唯物主义,不理解实践的客观物质性,在一定意义上偏离了实践唯物主义,最终并未真正理解马克思的新世界观思想。

The object of consciousness disclosed in the first thesis in Karl Marx＇s Eleven Theses on Feuerbach is the key to understanding Marx＇s new world outlook in the concept of practical materialism. Some representatives of Western Marxism argued that Marx＇s new materialism regarded the object of consciousness as practice while the old materialism as naturally existing substances. These viewpoints, to a certain extent, are getting quite closer to Marx＇s practical materialism. However, they failed to correctly understand Marx＇s new world outlook because they were opposed to the distinction between thinking and being, as well as consciousness and material. Consequently, they failed to uphold materialism or understand the external corporality of practice, which, to a certain extent, deviated from Marx＇s practical materialism.