作为教化与解放相统一的教育

Education as Both Inculcation and Emancipation

现代教育面临悖论,它在给人带来自由的同时又构筑起新的牢笼,克服悖论需要追问"教育是什么"。教育首先将人"引入"既定的知识与价值的世界,这是"教化"的过程。同时,教育还要将人从既定知识与价值的世界尤其是从自我的局限中"领出",这是"解放"的过程。立足于中西优秀思想资源并基于现代教育实践,可以将教育理解为"教化"与"解放"相统一的系统运动,"教化"和"解放"相互依赖和渗透,在"引入"与"领出"的交织与互动中推动生命的成长,反思性、主体性和主体间性是其本质规定性。

Modern education builds a new cage while brings freedom.To overcome this dilemma, it is necessary to rethink the essence of education by system thinking.The main function of education is inculcation which means to'teach'students accept certain ideas and to maintain social production and reproduction.In this sense,it would rather be called as'training'than'education'.The idea of emancipation emphasizes helping students recognize problems of status quo and try to find out the meaning of life by themselves.Without the perspective of emancipation,education would be of fragments.Education focuses on inculcation rather than emancipation along the history,and this is deeply rooted in social structure and is controlled by special power and interest.Based on those correlative ideas of philosophy of education and new practice,education can be viewed as both inculcation and emancipation.Being interdependent on each other,inculcation and emancipation forms a dynamic system of education which includes such characters as reflexivity,subjectivity,and inter-subjectivity.